The Shikoku Region is the smallest and least populous of Japan’s four main islands, located to the south of Honshu and east of Kyushu. Renowned for its scenic beauty, rich pilgrimage tradition, and distinct cultural heritage, Shikoku is often considered Japan’s spiritual heartland. It offers a slower pace of life, traditional festivals, and breathtaking natural landscapes.
Formation and Historical Background
- “Shikoku” literally means “four provinces”, which now correspond to the four prefectures of the region.
- Historically important as a center for trade, agriculture, and religious pilgrimage.
- The 88 Temple Pilgrimage Route, associated with the Buddhist monk Kobo Daishi, is a defining spiritual and cultural journey unique to this region.
Administrative Information
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Region Name | Shikoku Region (四国地方) |
| Island | Shikoku |
| Largest City | Matsuyama (松山市), Ehime Prefecture |
| Total Area | Approx. 18,800 sq. km |
| Population | Approx. 3.7 million (2024 est.) |
| Time Zone | Japan Standard Time (UTC+9) |
| ISO Codes | JP-36 to JP-39 |
Administrative Divisions
Shikoku Region is composed of 4 prefectures, each with unique cultural and geographical features:
- Tokushima Prefecture (徳島県) – Capital: Tokushima (徳島市)
- Kagawa Prefecture (香川県) – Capital: Takamatsu (高松市)
- Ehime Prefecture (愛媛県) – Capital: Matsuyama (松山市)
- Kochi Prefecture (高知県) – Capital: Kochi (高知市)
These prefectures combine coastal charm with mountainous interiors, and are interconnected by bridges and ferry routes.
Local Government Structure
- Each prefecture is governed by a Governor and has a Prefectural Assembly.
- Key cities have their own Mayors and municipal councils.
- Inter-prefectural cooperation focuses on disaster resilience, rural development, and tourism promotion.
Leadership & Governance
Governors of Shikoku Prefectures (as of 2024):
| Prefecture | Governor’s Name |
| Tokushima | Kamon Iizumi (飯泉 嘉門) |
| Kagawa | Toyohito Ikeda (池田 豊人) |
| Ehime | Tokihiro Nakamura (中村 時広) |
| Kochi | Seiji Hamada (浜田 省司) |
Mayors of Major Cities:
| City | Mayor’s Name |
| Tokushima | Sawako Naito (内藤 佐和子) |
| Takamatsu | Hideto Onishi (大西 秀人) |
| Matsuyama | Katsuhito Noshi (野志 克仁) |
| Kochi | Seiya Okazaki (岡﨑 誠也) |
National Diet Representation
- Shikoku elects representatives to both houses of the National Diet.
- Key policy areas include rural revitalization, aging population support, and cultural preservation.
Law Enforcement & Safety
- Each prefecture has its own Prefectural Police Department.
- Focus areas: earthquake preparedness, rural emergency response, and maritime safety.
- Emergency Numbers:
- 110 – Police
- 119 – Fire and Ambulance
Economy & Industry
- Major sectors:
- Agriculture & Fisheries: citrus, rice, fish, seaweed
- Manufacturing: chemicals, paper, machinery
- Tourism: temples, hot springs, cultural festivals
- Notable for artisan crafts and traditional industries
Education & Institutions
- Major universities:
- Tokushima University, Kagawa University, Ehime University, Kochi University
- Research in marine science, agriculture, medicine, and regional studies
Healthcare
- Regional hospitals and specialized care in each capital city
- Medical outreach to mountainous and remote areas
- Elder care and preventive healthcare are priorities
Transport & Connectivity
- Connected to Honshu via Seto-Ohashi and Akashi-Kaikyo Bridges
- Airports: Takamatsu, Matsuyama, Tokushima, Kochi Ryoma
- JR Shikoku rail services and ferry routes connect cities and islands
Tourism & Attractions
- 88 Temple Pilgrimage, Dogo Onsen, Oboke Gorge, Naruto Whirlpools
- Ritsurin Garden (Kagawa), Matsuyama Castle, Kochi Castle
- Cultural festivals: Awa Odori (Tokushima), Yosakoi (Kochi)
Culture & Lifestyle
- Distinct local dialects and traditional folk practices
- Deep connection to Buddhism and spiritual heritage
- Unique cuisine: sanuki udon (Kagawa), citrus products, bonito tataki
- Emphasis on community life, sustainability, and rural traditions
Summary
The Shikoku Region offers a serene and spiritual experience, rich in natural beauty, pilgrimage history, and traditional culture. It invites exploration through winding mountain paths, sacred temples, and close-knit communities that preserve Japan’s deep-rooted heritage with pride and simplicity.