Costa Rica

A Central American Pioneer of Peace, Nature, and Sustainability

Costa Rica is a politically stable and ecologically rich country located in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua, Panama, the Pacific Ocean, and the Caribbean Sea. Known for its biodiversity, green energy, and absence of a standing army, Costa Rica is a global model for ecotourism, sustainability, and human development.

---

Formation and Historical Background

• Inhabited by Chorotega, Bribri, Cabécar, and other Indigenous groups.

• Colonized by Spain in the 16th century as part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala.

• Gained independence on September 15, 1821.

• Abolished its military in 1949, focusing on education, health, and peace.

• Renowned for being a neutral, democratic, and environmentally progressive nation.

---

Administrative Information

---

Religious Affiliation (Estimated)

---

Government and Leadership (2025)

---

Administrative Divisions (Provinces)

Costa Rica is divided into 7 provinces, each subdivided into cantons and districts:

---

Local Government Structure

• Provinces are subdivided into 82 cantons, each with its own municipality.

• Municipal governments are led by mayors and municipal councils.

• Local governance supports urban planning, waste management, and local development.

---

Leadership & Governance

Costa Rica focuses on:

• Peaceful diplomacy and neutrality

• Environmental protection and renewable energy

• Education and public health

• Gender equality and civil rights

It ranks high in HDI, press freedom, and sustainability indices.

---

Law Enforcement & Safety

• No standing army since 1949

• Public security is maintained by:

  • Public Force (Fuerza Pública)

  • Judicial Investigation Agency (OIJ)

• Low crime in rural areas; urban security improving

---

Economy & Industry

• Main sectors:

  • Ecotourism

  • Medical devices and technology

  • Agriculture (coffee, bananas, pineapples)

  • Renewable energy

• GDP (2023): Approx. USD 76 billion

• Costa Rica generates over 98% of its electricity from renewable sources

---

Education & Institutions

• Free and compulsory education up to high school

• Literacy rate: ~98%

• Top institutions:

  • University of Costa Rica (UCR)

  • National University (UNA)

  • Technological Institute of Costa Rica (TEC)

• Emphasis on STEM, bilingual education, and digital learning

---

Healthcare

• Universal health coverage via Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS)

• Ranked among the best healthcare systems in Latin America

• Main hospitals: Hospital México, Hospital Calderón Guardia, Hospital Nacional de Niños

---

Transport & Connectivity

• Paved roads and highway network connect most regions

• International airports:

  • Juan Santamaría International Airport (SJO) – San José

  • Daniel Oduber Quirós Airport (LIR) – Liberia

• Buses and taxis are main public transport; rail revival underway

---

Tourism & Attractions

Natural Attractions:

• Arenal Volcano, Monteverde Cloud Forest, Manuel Antonio National Park, Tortuguero

• Beaches: Tamarindo, Puerto Viejo, Santa Teresa

Eco & Adventure Activities:

• Zip-lining, rafting, diving, wildlife watching

• Over 25% of the territory is protected as parks or reserves

Cultural Sites:

• San José’s museums, indigenous territories, coffee tours, craft towns like Sarchí

---

Culture & Lifestyle

• Strong emphasis on “Pura Vida” lifestyle—optimistic, relaxed, friendly

• Cuisine: gallo pinto, casado, tamales, coffee-based desserts

• Celebrations: Independence Day (Sept 15), Tope Nacional, Fiestas Palmares

• Rich traditions in music, dance (folklore), and community life

---

Summary

Costa Rica is a shining example of a peaceful, sustainable, and inclusive nation. With its forward-thinking policies, ecological awareness, and commitment to human development, it serves as a regional and global leader in environment, health, and democracy.