Taiwan, officially known as the Republic of China (ROC), is a democratic island nation in East Asia. Located off the southeastern coast of mainland China, it is known for its dynamic economy, robust democracy, high-tech industries, and rich cultural blend of Chinese, Japanese, and indigenous influences. Despite its complex political status, Taiwan functions as a de facto independent state with a thriving global presence.
🗺️ Formation & Historical Background
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Prehistoric Era: Indigenous Austronesian tribes inhabited Taiwan for thousands of years
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17th Century: Dutch and Spanish colonial presence
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1683–1895: Qing Dynasty rule
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1895–1945: Japanese colonial rule after Treaty of Shimonoseki
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1945: Taiwan handed over to Republic of China after Japan’s defeat
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1949: ROC government relocated to Taiwan after Chinese Civil War
Taiwan maintains its independent political and economic systems, although it is claimed by the People’s Republic of China (PRC).
Administrative Information
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Official Name | Republic of China (Taiwan) / 中華民國 |
| Capital | Taipei (台北市) |
| Government Type | Multi-party democratic republic |
| President | Tsai Ing-wen (蔡英文) |
| Premier | Chen Chien-jen (陳建仁) |
| Total Area | Approx. 36,200 sq. km |
| Population | Approx. 23.5 million (2024 est.) |
| Time Zone | Taiwan Standard Time (UTC+8) |
| Official Language | Mandarin Chinese |
| Currency | New Taiwan Dollar (TWD, NT$) |
| ISO Code | TW |
Administrative Divisions
Taiwan consists of 22 administrative divisions:
- 6 Special Municipalities
- 13 Counties
- 3 Provincial Cities
List of Administrative Divisions:
Special Municipalities:
- Taipei City
- New Taipei City
- Taichung City
- Tainan City
- Kaohsiung City
- Taoyuan City
Counties: 7. Changhua County 8. Chiayi County 9. Hsinchu County 10. Hualien County 11. Miaoli County 12. Nantou County 13. Penghu County 14. Pingtung County 15. Taitung County 16. Yilan County 17. Yunlin County 18. Kinmen County 19. Lienchiang County
Provincial Cities: 20. Chiayi City 21. Hsinchu City 22. Keelung City
Local Government Structure
- Each special municipality, county, and city has its own Mayor or Magistrate and elected Council.
- The central government retains authority over national security, foreign affairs, and major infrastructure.
- Local governments manage education, policing, healthcare, and transportation within their jurisdictions.
Leadership & Governance
- President: Tsai Ing-wen – Head of State and Commander-in-Chief
- Premier: Chen Chien-jen – Head of Executive Yuan (cabinet)
- Legislature: Legislative Yuan (unicameral)
- Judiciary: Judicial Yuan – interprets law and ensures constitutional governance
- Independent Commissions: Election Commission, Control Yuan (audit & oversight)
Law Enforcement & Safety
- National Police Agency manages public order under the Ministry of the Interior.
- Strong focus on crime prevention, traffic control, and disaster response.
- Emergency Numbers:
- 110 – Police
- 119 – Fire and Ambulance
👥 Population & Language
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Population: ~23.5 million (2025 estimate)
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Official Language: Mandarin Chinese
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Common Languages: Taiwanese Hokkien, Hakka, indigenous languages
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Writing System: Traditional Chinese
🕌 Religion & Culture
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Main Religions: Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, Folk beliefs
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Cultural Heritage: Mix of Chinese traditions, Japanese influence, and modern innovation
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Festivals: Lunar New Year, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Double Ten Day
💼 Economy
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Key Sectors:
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Semiconductors (TSMC – world leader)
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Information & Communication Technology (ICT)
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Machinery and Equipment
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Biotechnology and Green Energy
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Agriculture (tea, rice, fruits)
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Currency: New Taiwan Dollar (TWD)
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Global Position: Major player in global tech and innovation industries
🏥 Education & Healthcare
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Highly educated population with strong emphasis on STEM fields
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Universal healthcare system — one of the best in Asia
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World-renowned universities: National Taiwan University (NTU), NCKU, NCTU
🚉 Infrastructure & Connectivity
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High-speed rail (HSR), extensive metro networks
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Major international airports: Taoyuan, Kaohsiung
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Deep-water ports: Kaohsiung Port, Keelung Port
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Smart cities & green tech innovation
🗺️ Tourism & Attractions
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Natural Wonders: Taroko Gorge, Alishan, Sun Moon Lake, Yangmingshan
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Urban Highlights: Taipei 101, Night Markets, National Palace Museum
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Cultural Sites: Tainan temples, historic forts, indigenous villages
🌏 Taiwan on the Global Stage
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Not a UN member but maintains diplomatic relations with several countries
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Participates in international trade, sports, humanitarian efforts
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Global leader in tech exports, democratic governance, and disaster response
📌 Summary
Taiwan is a remarkable blend of tradition and modernity, offering breathtaking landscapes, cutting-edge technology, and a resilient democratic spirit. Despite political complexities, it stands as one of Asia’s most advanced, culturally rich, and globally connected nations.
📰 News & Articles
Explore key updates, cultural insights, and Taiwan’s role in the global arena:
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Taiwan’s Semiconductor Leadership in the Global Supply Chain
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Taiwan’s Response to Regional Geopolitical Tensions
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The Rise of Smart Cities and AI Innovation in Taipei
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Cultural Revival: Preserving Indigenous Heritage
🎯 Our Vision (Website Mission)
Through this knowledge hub, our mission is to present accurate, rich, and evolving information about:
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Taiwan’s geography, history, population, and governance
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Local districts, cities, and indigenous communities
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Education, healthcare, economy, innovation, and diplomacy
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Cultural heritage, traditional festivals, and tourist destinations
We aim to be a neutral, informative platform that helps readers understand Taiwan’s significance in Asia and the world.
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